Coding-Decoding (for Bank PO/Clerk/SSC/Railway)
A
code is a system of signals. Therefore, coding is a method of transmitting
messages between the sender and receiver without a third person understanding
it. The Coding and Decoding test is set up to judge the candidate’s ability to decipher
the law that codes a particular message and break the code to reveal the
message.
LETTER TO LETTER CODING:
A particular
letter stands for another letter in letter coding.
e.g: If COURSE is
coded as FRXUVH, how is RACE coded in that code?
(1) HFDU (2) UCFH (3) UDFH
(4) UDHF (5) UDFG
In the given code, each letter is moved three steps
forward than the corresponding letter in the word. So ‘R’ is coded as U, A as D, C as F,
E as H. answer is (3).
In this
section either numerical code values are assigned to a word or alphabetical
code values are assigned to numbers. The candidate is required to analyse the
code as per directions.
English
alphabets and their corresponding number values help the candidate to increase
the performance in this area. The position of the letter in the English
Alphabet is considered to be the value of the alphabet in questions on letter
series. Also, when we are counting from A to Z, we again start with A, i.e. we
treat the letters as being cyclic order. Alphabets in natural series are:
Case
I: When numerical values are assigned to words.
e.g: If in a
certain code ROPE is coded as 6821, CHAIR is coded as 73456 what will be the
code for CRAPE?
(1)73456 (2) 76421
(3) 77246 (4) 77123 (5) None of these
Clearly, in the
given code, the alphabets are coded as follows.
R
O P E C H A I
6
8 2 1 7 3 4 5
So CRAPE is coded
as 76421 and the answer is (2)
Case
II: When alphabetical code values are assigned to the
numbers.
e.g: In a certain
code 3456 is coded as ROPE. 15546 is coded as APPLE. Then how is 54613 coded?
(1) RPPEO (2)
ROPEA (3) POEAR (4) PAREO (5) None of these
Clearly in the
given figures, the numbers are coded as follows:
3
4 5 6 1 4
R
O P E A L
So 54613 is coded as
POEAR and the answer is (3)
The Word EJOTY is very helpful in finding the
position of the alphabet as:
For
example, if we want to find the position (according to English Dictionary) of
the alphabet ‘K’, then as we know that ‘J’ is 10, so ‘K’ is 10 + 1 = 11.
We can
also find the position of an alphabet from the end/Last (from opposite side) by
subtracting its value from 27 (See Fig-1). For example, find the position of M
from the end? (Questions also asked in this way- Position from the last)
Solution: From
Fig-1 Sum is 27 and Current Position of M according to English
dictionary is 13. Now we have to find opposite side position of M i.e.
27 – 13 = 14.
Note: For
finding position of an alphabet from the last/opposite/end always remembers
there are total 26+1=27 alphabets.
The
pattern below is very useful to find many types of question in Alphabet Series
when we write the last 13 alphabets in front of the first 13 alphabets of the English:
SUBSTITUTION
TYPES:
Substitution
In substitution type of questions, some particular objects are assigned code
names. Then a question is asked that is to be answered in the code language.
For example, if orange is called butter, butter is called soap, soap is called ink, ink is called honey and honey is called orange, which of the following is used for washing clothes?
a) Honey b) Butter
c) Orange d) Soap
e) Ink Ans:
e
The questions
on coding and decoding are basically five types as given below.
I. LETTER TO LETTER:
1. In a
certain code ‘SHIMLA’ is written as ‘RGHLKZ, how will PATNA be coded then?
a)
OZTMZ
b)
OZSMZ
c) QBUMB
d) OZTZM
Sol: Each letter is coded as the letter previous to it, i.e. S = R, H =
G, I = H, M = L, L = K, A = Z. PATNA will become OZSMZ. Hence the answer is
(b).
II. LETTER
TO NUMBER:
2. If
LODES is coded as 46321, how will you code the word DOES?
a)
1234
b) 4321
c) 3621
d) 3261
Sol:
Here, you will observe that all the letters of DOES are included in the letters
of LODES, for which you have the code D = 3, O = 6, E = 2, S = 1. Therefore
DOES = 3621. So, the answer is (d).
III. NUMBER
TO LETTER:
2.
If DELHI is coded as 73541 and CALCUTTA as 82589662, how can CALICUT be coded?
Options:
A. 5279431 B. 5978213
C. 8251896 D. 8543691
Sol: in CALICUT, C is coded
as 8, A as 2, L as 5, I as 1, U as 9 and T as 6. Thus Code for
CALICUT: 8251896. So, the answer is (c)
IV. MISCALLANEOUS
TYPES:
4. In a
certain code ‘415’ means ‘milk is hot’; ‘18’ means ‘hot soup’; and ‘895’ means
‘soup is tasty’. What number will indicate the word ‘tasty’?
a)
9
b) 8
c)
5
d) 4
Sol: The
code for ‘hot’ is 1. So, the code of ‘soup’ is 8. Now the code of ‘is’ is 5.
Hence we can say that the code of ‘tasty’ is 9. So, the answer is
(a)
V. SUBSTITUTION
TYPES:
5. If air is called green, green is called blue, blue is called sky,
sky is called yellow, yellow is called water and water is called pink, then
what is the color of clear sky?
Options:
a) Blue b) Sky
c) Yellow d) Water
e) Pink Ans:
Sky
Exercise
1. In a code language, A is written as B, B is written as
C, C is written as D and so on, then how will SMART be written in that code
language ?
a) TLBSU b)
SHBSU c) TNBSU d) SNBRU Ans:
c
The letters are coded by moving them 1 step forward.
2. In a certain code, RIPPLE is written as
613382 and LIFE is written as 8192. How is PILLER written in that code?
a) 318826 b) 776655 c)
786543 d) 156724 Ans:
a
3. In a certain code, 'bi
nie pie' means 'some good jokes’ ; 'nie bat lik' means 'some real
stories' ; and 'pie lik tol' means 'many good stories'. Which
word in that code means ‘jokes’?
a) bi
b) nie c) pie
d) Can’t be determined
e) None of these Ans: b
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